If you’ve ever experienced pain or swelling near the back of your mouth, you may have heard the term “pericoronitis.” It’s a common dental condition that can cause significant discomfort, especially around partially erupted wisdom teeth. But what is pericoronitis exactly, and should you be worried about it?
Let’s break down what causes pericoronitis, its symptoms, and how to treat it so you can protect your oral health.
What Is Pericoronitis?
Pericoronitis is inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted tooth. It typically occurs around wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, when they don’t fully break through the gumline.
When a tooth is only partially visible, the gum tissue can form a flap over the tooth’s surface. Food, bacteria, and debris can get trapped under this flap, leading to irritation, infection, and swelling.
While it might seem like a minor issue, untreated pericoronitis can become serious. It can cause pain, infections, and even complications that affect other parts of the mouth and body.
What Causes Pericoronitis?
Pericoronitis usually develops when bacteria and food particles become trapped beneath the gum flap of a partially erupted tooth. Poor oral hygiene is often a factor, but it’s not the only cause.
Here are the main reasons pericoronitis can occur:
- Partially Erupted Wisdom Teeth: Wisdom teeth are the most common trigger. They often struggle to fully emerge due to a lack of space in the jaw.
- Bacterial Infection: Bacteria thrive in areas that are hard to clean, like under gum flaps. This can quickly lead to inflammation and infection.
- Food Debris: Trapped food particles increase bacterial growth, worsening the condition.
- Trauma: If the gum tissue around the tooth is irritated by chewing or brushing, it can become inflamed.
If left untreated, the infection can spread, making it more difficult to manage.
Symptoms Of Pericoronitis
The signs of pericoronitis are hard to miss, especially if the condition has progressed. Symptoms range from mild to severe depending on how inflamed or infected the area becomes.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain Near the Back of the Mouth: Discomfort or throbbing near the wisdom teeth is one of the first signs.
- Swollen or Red Gums: The gum tissue around the partially erupted tooth may look inflamed and swollen.
- Difficulty Chewing or Swallowing: Pain and swelling can make it hard to eat or move your jaw comfortably.
- Bad Taste or Bad Breath: Bacteria trapped under the gum flap can produce a foul odour.
- Pus or Infection: In severe cases, you might notice pus draining from the affected area.
Some people also experience swollen lymph nodes, fever, or general fatigue if the infection spreads. If you’re dealing with any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek professional care right away.
Is Pericoronitis Serious?
The short answer is yes; pericoronitis can become serious if left untreated. While mild cases might only cause discomfort, advanced cases can lead to infections that spread beyond the gums.
Here’s why you shouldn’t ignore pericoronitis:
- Risk of Abscess Formation: Untreated infections can lead to dental abscess, a pocket of pus that can cause severe pain and swelling.
- Spread of Infection: The infection can spread to other areas of the mouth, throat, or jaw, causing more significant health issues.
- Difficulty Eating or Speaking: Swelling and pain can interfere with daily activities like chewing and talking.
In rare cases, severe infections from untreated pericoronitis can spread to the neck and head, requiring immediate medical attention. That’s why it’s always best to address symptoms early.
How Is Pericoronitis Treated?
Treatment for pericoronitis depends on how severe the inflammation or infection is. Your dentist will evaluate the condition and recommend the appropriate steps to relieve pain and prevent further problems.
Here’s how pericoronitis is typically treated:
- Cleaning the Area: Your dentist will clean the affected area thoroughly to remove food debris and bacteria. This reduces irritation and helps the gum heal.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce discomfort and swelling. Your dentist may also prescribe anti-inflammatory medications if needed.
- Antibiotics: If the infection has spread, antibiotics may be prescribed to eliminate bacteria and prevent further complications.
- Gum Flap Removal: In some cases, the flap of gum tissue covering the tooth may need to be removed to prevent future infections.
- Tooth Extraction: If the wisdom tooth continues to cause problems or there isn’t enough room for it to emerge, your dentist may recommend removing the tooth entirely.
Early treatment is the key to avoiding complications and long-term discomfort.
How Long Does Pericoronitis Last?
Mild cases of pericoronitis are usually resolved within a few days with proper cleaning and care. Severe cases, especially those requiring antibiotics or dental procedures, may take longer to fully heal.
If the underlying issue (like a partially erupted tooth) isn’t addressed, pericoronitis can return. That’s why follow-up care and treatment are so important.
Can You Prevent Pericoronitis?
The best way to prevent pericoronitis is to maintain good oral hygiene, especially if your wisdom teeth are partially erupted. Keeping the area clean can reduce the risk of infection and inflammation.
Here are some tips to help:
- Brush and Floss Regularly: Pay special attention to the back of your mouth where wisdom teeth are located. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid irritating the gums.
- Rinse with Salt Water: Rinsing your mouth with warm salt water can help remove debris and reduce bacteria.
- Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Routine check-ups allow your dentist to monitor your wisdom teeth and address any issues early.
- Avoid Hard or Sticky Foods: These types of food can get trapped under the gum flap, increasing the risk of pericoronitis.
If you notice any discomfort or swelling near your wisdom teeth, don’t wait to seek care. Early intervention can prevent the condition from becoming more serious.
When Should You See A Dentist?
If you think you might have pericoronitis, it’s important to visit your dentist as soon as possible. Persistent pain, swelling, or difficulty eating are all signs that the condition needs professional attention.
Your dentist will assess the area, clean the affected gums, and recommend the best treatment to resolve the issue quickly. Ignoring the symptoms will only make the problem worse.
Take Action And Protect Your Smile
Pericoronitis might seem like a small issue at first, but it can become serious if it’s left untreated. If you’re experiencing pain or swelling near your wisdom teeth, it’s time to see a professional.
At Li Family Dental, we’re here to help you get the relief you need. Give us a call at 416-232-2033 or request an appointment by clicking here.